The
Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the
Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451. Founded by a former governor of
Multan, they succeeded the
Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the sultanate until they were displaced by the
Lodi dynasty.
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Delhi Sultanate |
Following the 1398
Sack of Delhi, Amir Timur appointed the
Sayyids as the governors of
Delhi. Their dynasty was established by
Sayyid Khizr Khan, deputised by
Timur to be the governor of
Multan (Punjab). He did not take up any royal title due to fear of
Amir Timur (better known historically as
Tamerlane) and contended himself with the titles of
Rayat-i-Ala (Sublime Banners) and
Masnad-i-Aali or (Most High Post). He was in office from 1414 until 1421.
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Amir Timur |
After his accession to the throne,
Khizr Khan appointed
Malik-us-Sharq Tuhfa as his wazir and he was given the title of
Taj-ul-Mulk and he remained in office until 1421. In 1414, an army led by
Taj-ul-Mulk was sent to suppress the rebellion of
Har Singh, the
Raja of Katehar. Raja fled to the forests but finally was compelled to surrender and agree to pay tributes in future. In July, 1416 an army led by
Taj-ul-Mulk was sent to
Bayana and
Gwalior.
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Katehar |
As a mark of recognition of the suzerainty of the Mongols, the name of the
Mongol ruler (
Shah Rukh) was recited in the khutba but as an interesting innovation, the name of Sayyid ruler
Khizr Khan was also attached to it. But strangely enough the name of
Mongol ruler was not inscribed on the coins and the name of old
Tughlaq sultan continued on the currency. No coins are known in the name of
Khizr Khan.
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Billon Tanka of Khizr Khan INO Firoz Shah Tughlaq |
Mubarak Shah (r. 1421–1434) was the second monarch of the Sayyid dynasty which ruled the Delhi Sultanate. He succeeded his father, Khizr Khan to the throne. He was a man of great vision, but the nobles were against him and kept revolting. He was murdered in 1434 and succeeded by his nephew, Muhammad Shah.
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Mubarak Shah's tomb in Kotla Mubarakpur. |
Muhammad Shah (r. 1434–1445) was the third monarch of the
Sayyid dynasty which ruled the
Delhi Sultanate. He succeeded his uncle,
Mubarak Shah to the throne.
Muhammad Shah's tomb is a notable monument within the
Lodi Gardens of
New Delhi.
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Lodi Gardens |
Alam Shah (r. 1445–1451) was the fourth and last ruler of the
Sayyid dynasty which ruled the
Delhi Sultanate. Both
Muhammad Shah and his son,
Alam Shah who succeeded him, were incapable rulers.
Alam Shah was an incapable ruler who abandoned his charge in 1448 and retired to
Budaun. Three years later,
Bahlul Lodi, who had made two prior attempts at capturing
Delhi, took control of the capital to mark the beginning of the
Lodi dynasty.
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Indo-Islamic Architecture |
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