Balhae (698–926) was a kingdom in present-day
Manchuria and northern
Korean peninsula.
Balhae was established by former
Goguryeo(a kingdom of
Korea) general
Dae Jo-yeong in 698 after his defeat of the
Tang Chinese at
Tianmenling. Balhae's original capital was at
Dongmo Mountain in modern
Dunhua, Jilin Province.
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Bridge of Tumen City, Jilin Province, China |
Dae Joyeong, also known as
King Go, established the state of
Balhae, reigning from 699 to 719. He was the was the first son of general
Dae Jung-sang of
Goguryeo. He claimed himself the King of
Jin in 698. He established his capital at
Dongmo Mountain in the south of today's
Jilin province, and built
Dongmo mountain fortress, which was to become
Jin's capital.
Dae Jo-yeong died in 719, and his son
Dae Muye assumed the throne.
Dae Jo-yeong was given the posthumous name
"King Go."
 |
Lake Dongmo |
Dae Mu-ye, also known as
King Mu (r. 718–737), was the second king of the
Balhae in
Korean peninsula.
Balhae's aggressive expansion triggered frictions with
Tang China, Silla of southern Korea, the Khitans, the Xi, the Göktürks, and several
Mohe tribes. In 727,
Balhae began to dispatch embassies to
Japan to avoid international isolation.
Japan, whose relationship with
Silla was strained, welcomed them as a revival of
Goguryeo. Dae Muye was succeeded by his son
Dae Heummu in 737.
 |
A temple in Japan |
King Mun of Balhae (r. 737–793),was the third and longest-reigning ruler of the
Balhae in
Korean peninsula, the successor state to
Goguryeo. During
King Mun's reign, diplomatic ties with
Tang Dynasty China were established. He also strengthened relations with
Silla, which unified the
Korean peninsula to the south of
Balhae. Balhae also increased diplomacy and trade with
Japan.
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Tang China Painting |
Dae Won-ui (died 793) (r. 793) became the 4th ruler of the kingdom of
Balhae. However, upon ascending the throne the king showed a jealous and violent temper. In 793, he was slain by his ministers. The son of
Goeng-rim was chosen to replace him, becoming
King Seong. The most notable accomplishment that was done during his reign was the moving of the capital to
Sanggyeong. Gang of Balhae (died 809) (r. 794–809) was the sixth to rule the king of
Balhae.
Within 10 years of death of King Gang of Balhae (died 809), the state was ruled by three kings who were Jeong of Balhae(r. 809 - 812 CE) , Hui of Balhae(r. 812 - 817 CE) and Gan of Balhae(r. 817 - 818 CE) who ruled as the 7th, 8th and 9th king of Balhae. The tenth King Seon reign (r. 818–830), Balhae controlled northern Korea, Northeastern Manchuria and now Primorsky Krai of Russia.
 |
Primorsky Krai |
During
King Seon's 12-year reign, he dispatched embassies five times to
Japan, which was aimed at establishing diplomatic relations as well as increasing trade between the two kingdoms. The trade routes established across the
Sea of Japan (East Sea) led to
Balhae becoming one of
Japan's most important trading partners. He died in 830 and his grandson
Dae Ijin succeeded to the throne.
 |
Sea of Japan(East Japan) |
Dae Ijin (r. 830–857) was the 11th king of
Balhae, a
Korean kingdom from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of
Manchuria and northern
Korea. The king made efforts for the consolidation of a centralized administrative system and organized a standing army. He was succeeded by
Geonhwang of Balhae (r. 857-871) who sent a few missions to
Japan and
Tang China.

Dae Hyeonseok, was the 13th king of Balhae who reigned from 871 to 894. He was succeeded by Dae Wihae (r. 894–906 CE) who was succeeded by Dae Inseon (r. 906–926 CE). This was a time of momentous change for Balhae and its neighbors. In China, the Tang faced serious crises caused by the An Lushan Rebellion and many other uprisings. Finally, Zhu Wen established the Later Liang, marking the end of the Tang dynasty in 907.
King Dae concentrated on increasing defense capabilities against the threat of new powers and was in favor of allying with the Goryeo Dynasty. However, the interference of the nobility did not allow that to happen. The Khitans' growing power in Manchuria was the most threatening to Balhae. Eventually, they invaded Balhae in 925 and the capital Sanggyeong (also known as Holhan fortress) fell after ten days. In 926, Balhae came to an end, while many of the nobility fled to Goryeo.
After the fall of Balhae and its last king in 926, it was renamed Dongdan by its new Khitan rulers. Restoration movements by displaced Balhae people established Later Balhae, which was later renamed to Jeongan. Dae Gwang-hyeon, the last crown prince, and much of the ruling class of Balhae sought refuge in Goryeo, where they were granted land and the crown prince included in the royal household by Wang Geon, thus unifying the two successor nations of Goguryeo.
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ReplyDeleteThe only problem is that this is not a Korean state. You would not be allowed to dig at the excavation if it were not for your money. You are just very tired of your distortions of history.
ReplyDeleteHow many sites have been excavated in Primorye and how many years excavations have been going on - 164 and 70 !!! And we have every reason to say that you are lying with your fantasies.
Bohai is a multinational state and there were only 18% of co-inhabitants there, and then in the South. And Elite - no seals with Korean surnames were found, but seals with the names of Jurjens, Nivkhs and Japanese were found. Koreans in Bohai were, but on the territory of the DPRK.
나는 이것이 내가 읽은 최고의 기사 중 하나라고 말할 것입니다. 처음부터 끝까지 당신은 그것을 완전히 못 박았습니다.가상오피스
ReplyDeletePro athletics in America will in general save the best seats for the wealthiest individuals, however South Korea doesn't separate that way. https://b-game.net
ReplyDeleteI overall like your unbiased factual informations, but it is kinda clear that Balhae's ruling class were Korean ethnics, at least for the kings. If you look at their surnames, Dae or Tae, is a current existing surname of the Koreans. I never heard of any other country with a last name Tae, and this proves Balhae as part of Korean history as well. Ofc the koreans were minority, but they were the ruling class for no doubt.
ReplyDelete